140 ohm resistors

What is a Resistor?

Special components called resistors are made for the express purpose of creating a precise quantity of resistance for insertion into a circuit. They are typically constructed of metal wire or carbon and engineered to maintain a stable resistance value over a wide range of environmental conditions.

Unlike lamps, they do not produce light, but they do produce heat as electric power is dissipated by them in a working circuit. Typically, though, the purpose of a resistor is not to produce usable heat, but simply to provide a precise quantity of electrical resistance.

 

Resistor Schematic Symbols and Values

The most common schematic symbol for a resistor is a zig-zag line:

 

 

Resistor values in ohms are usually shown as an adjacent number, and if several resistors are present in a circuit, they will be labeled with a unique identifier number such as R₁, R₂, R₃, etc. As you can see, resistor symbols can be shown either horizontally or vertically:

 

Real resistors look nothing like the zig-zag symbol. Instead, they look like small tubes or cylinders with two wires protruding for connection to a circuit. Here is a sampling of different kinds and sizes of resistors:

 

 

In keeping more with their physical appearance, an alternative schematic symbol for a resistor looks like a small, rectangular box:

Any time you see a component symbol drawn with a diagonal arrow through it, that component has a variable rather than a fixed value. This symbol “modifier” (the diagonal arrow) is a standard electronic symbol convention.

 

 

Resistors can also be shown to have varying rather than fixed resistances. This might be to describe an actual physical device designed to provide an adjustable resistance, or it could be to show some component that just happens to have an unstable resistance:

How are Resistors Useful?

For a practical illustration of resistors’ usefulness, examine the photograph below. It is a picture of a printed circuit board, or PCB: an assembly made of sandwiched layers of insulating phenolic fiber-board and conductive copper strips, into which components may be inserted and secured by a low-temperature welding process called “soldering.”

 

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