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140 ohm resistors

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What is a resistor?

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

All other factors being equal, in a direct-current (DC) circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, and directly proportional to the voltage across it. This is the well-known Ohm’s Law. In alternating-current (AC) circuits, this rule also applies as long as the resistor does not contain inductance or capacitance.

Types of resistors

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What is a Resistor?

Special components called resistors are made for the express purpose of creating a precise quantity of resistance for insertion into a circuit. They are typically constructed of metal wire or carbon and engineered to maintain a stable resistance value over a wide range of environmental conditions.

Unlike lamps, they do not produce light, but they do produce heat as electric power is dissipated by them in a working circuit. Typically, though, the purpose of a resistor is not to produce usable heat, but simply to provide a precise quantity of electrical resistance.

 

Resistor Schematic Symbols and Values

The most common schematic symbol for a resistor is a zig-zag line:

 

resistor symbol zig zag

 

Resistor values in ohms are usually shown as an adjacent number, and if several resistors are present in a circuit, they will be labeled with a unique identifier number such as R1, R2, R3, etc. As you can see, resistor symbols can be shown either horizontally or vertically:

 

resistor values 150 25 ohms

Real resistors look nothing like the zig-zag symbol. Instead, they look like small tubes or cylinders with two wires protruding for connection to a circuit. Here is a sampling of different kinds and sizes of resistors:

 

example of sizes resistors

 

In keeping more with their physical appearance, an alternative schematic symbol for a resistor looks like a small, rectangular box:

Any time you see a component symbol drawn with a diagonal arrow through it, that component has a variable rather than a fixed value. This symbol “modifier” (the diagonal arrow) is a standard electronic symbol convention.

 

rectangular box resistor schematic symbol

 

Resistors can also be shown to have varying rather than fixed resistances. This might be to describe an actual physical device designed to provide an adjustable resistance, or it could be to show some component that just happens to have an unstable resistance:

How are Resistors Useful?

For a practical illustration of resistors’ usefulness, examine the photograph below. It is a picture of a printed circuit board, or PCB: an assembly made of sandwiched layers of insulating phenolic fiber-board and conductive copper strips, into which components may be inserted and secured by a low-temperature welding process called “soldering.”

 

variable resistance resistors

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