A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors reduce current flow in electronic circuits, a property that is utilized to adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.
Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components can be composed of various compounds and forms. Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits.
The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude. The nominal value of the resistance falls within the manufacturing tolerance, indicated on the component.
- Fixed Value Resistors. These are the predominant type of resistor configuration, and as the name suggests, they have a fixed resistance value. …
- Variable Resistors. …
- Resistor Networks. …
- Carbon Film Resistors. …
- Metal Film Resistors. …
- Wirewound Resistors. …
- Metal Oxide Resistors. …
- Metal Strip Resistors.
Resistor Definition and Symbol
A resistor is a passive electrical component with the primary function to limit the flow of electric current.
The international IEC symbol is a rectangular shape with leads at each end as shown in the figure at left. In the USA, the ANSI standard is very common and represents a fixed resistor as a zigzag line (shown on the right).
IEC fixed resistor symbol |
ANSI fixed resistor symbol |
Types of Resistor
Resistors are the most fundamental and commonly used of all the electronic components, to the point where they are almost taken for granted but they play a vital role within a circuit.
There are many different Types of Resistor available for the electronics constructor to choose from, from very small surface mount chip resistors up to large wirewound power resistors.
The principal job of a resistor within an electrical or electronic circuit is to “resist” (hence the name Resistor), regulate or to set the flow of electrons (current) through them by using the type of conductive material from which they are composed. Resistors can also be connected together in various series and parallel combinations to form resistor networks which can act as voltage droppers, voltage dividers or current limiters within a circuit.
A Typical Resistor
Resistors are what are called “Passive Devices”, that is they contain no source of power or amplification but only attenuate or reduce the voltage or current signal passing through them. This attenuation results in electrical energy being lost in the form of heat as the resistor resists the flow of electrons through it.
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