Circle Drawing Robot Project

Abstract

The Circle Drawing Robot Project is an innovative and educational robotics project designed to autonomously draw perfect circles on a surface using a motorized system. Powered by Arduino or ESP32, and controlled via programmed logic or remote interface, the robot demonstrates geometry in motion and practical applications of motion control, stepper motors, and mechatronics. Ideal for students, hobbyists, and STEM learning.

Objectives

• Build a robot capable of drawing precise circles.

• Understand the mechanical and coding principles behind circular motion.

• Interface motors with a microcontroller for controlled movement.

• Implement real-time motion logic for automated sketching.

Components Required

• Arduino Uno / ESP32 / NodeMCU

• Servo Motors / Stepper Motors (x2)

• Motor Driver Module (L298N or A4988)

• Wheels and Circular Base Chassis

• Pen/Pencil Holding Arm

• Power Supply (Battery Pack / USB)

• Jumper Wires, Mounts, Breadboard

Working Principle

The robot is programmed to move in a circular trajectory by controlling the speed and direction of two motors. By maintaining one wheel’s speed while slightly altering the other’s, a smooth curve is generated. The robot uses a pen fixed in its center or arm to trace the circle on a surface like paper or a whiteboard. The control logic can be programmed using Arduino IDE.

Methodology

1. Assemble a stable robot platform with two wheels and a caster.

2. Mount a pen vertically so it touches the paper surface.

3. Interface the motors to the Arduino through a driver module.

4. Program the Arduino to move motors in a circular path.

5. Upload code, place the robot on paper, and initiate drawing.

Applications

• STEM and robotics education

• Drawing plotters and CNC prototypes

• Geometry demonstrations

• Artistic robotic installations

Future Enhancements

• Add Bluetooth or Wi-Fi for remote drawing commands.

• Enable drawing of other geometric shapes.

• Add a pen-up/down mechanism using a servo motor.

• Integrate image-to-path drawing with OpenCV.

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