LM317 Voltage Regulator

The LM317 is an adjustable 3−terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage.

Specifications:

Symbol	Parameter	Value	Unit
Vout	Output voltage range	1.25  – 37	V
Vin – Vout	Voltage differential	3  – 40	V
TJ	Operating junction temperature range	0 – 125	°C
IO(MAX)	Maximum output current	1.5	A
IL(MIN)	Minimum load current	3.5 mA typical, 12 mA maximum
PD	Power dissipation	Internally Limited	W
RθJA	Thermal resistance, Junction to ambient	80	°C/W
RθJC	Thermal resistance, Junction to case	5	°C/W

Operation:

As linear regulators, the LM317 and LM337 are used in Dc to Dc converter applications.

Linear regulators inherently waste power; the power dissipated is the current passed multiplied by the voltage difference between input and output. A LM317 commonly requires a heat sink to prevent the operating temperature from rising too high. For large voltage differences, the power lost as heat can ultimately be greater than that provided to the circuit. This is the tradeoff for using linear regulators, which are a simple way to provide a stable voltage with few additional components. The alternative is to use a switching voltage regulator which is usually more efficient, but has a larger footprint and requires a larger number of associated components.

In packages with a heat-dissipating mounting tab, the tab is connected internally to the output pin which may make it necessary to electrically isolate the tab or the heat sink from other parts of the application circuit. Failure to do this may cause the circuit to short.

LM317 Voltage Regulator Circuit:

In this circuit, we add a DC voltage supply to the VIN pin of the regulator. This is the pin which, again, receives incoming voltage which the chip will then regulate down. The voltage which enters this pin must be larger than the voltage it is feeding out. Remember, voltage regulators are just devices that regulate voltage down to a certain level. They do not and cannot create voltage on their own. Therefore, in order to a get a voltage, VOUT, VIN must be greater than VOUT. In this circuit, we want a regulated 5VDC as output. Therefore, VIN must be greater than 5 volts. Generally, with regulators, unless they are low drop out regulators, you want the input voltage to be about 2 volts higher. So therefore, since we want 5 volts as output, we will feed into this regulator 7 volts.

Now that we’ve dealt with the input pin, we must now deal with the adjustable pin (Adj). This is the pin which allows us to adjust the voltage to the level we want. Since we want 5 volts to be output, we must calculate which value of R2 will yield an output of 5 volts. Using the formula for the output voltage, VOUT= 1.25V (1 + R2/R1). Being that R1=240Ω, our equation is now 5V= 1.25V (1 + R2/240Ω), so R2=720Ω. So with R2 being a value of 720Ω, the LM317 will output 5V if fed an input voltage greater than 5 volts. If you need to calculate output voltages or which resistor R2 value you would need for a circuit.

The last pin of the LM317 is the output pin. This is where the regulated voltage (in this case, 5 volts) will come out. To feed a circuit the regulated 5 volts, we just connect it to the output pin.

 

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